As wolves reclaim their historic range across Europe, their return to the Netherlands has ignited conversations about conservation, coexistence, and the role of science in preserving biodiversity. At DivjaLabs, we undertook a genetic study commissioned by the Province of Gelderland to address key questions about the ancestry of Dutch wolves. Here’s what we discovered.
The genesis of the study
Wolves began recolonizing the Netherlands in 2015 after over a century of absence. Their return, while celebrated by many conservationists, raised concerns about potential hybridization with domestic dogs—a key threat to wolf populations across Europe. Hybridization can dilute genetic integrity, complicate conservation efforts, and misrepresent population dynamics.
To address these concerns, our team analyzed tissue samples from 11 canids found in the Netherlands using advanced single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis. The goal: determine the genetic lineage of these animals and detect any signs of hybridization.
Cutting-edge methods in genomic analysis
Using the high-density Illumina Canine HD Array, we examined over 170,000 SNP markers per sample to gain an in-depth view of their genetic profiles. Our process included:
- DNA extraction and pooling: Ensuring maximum accuracy for low-quality samples.
- Genotyping and filtering: Retaining SNPs with high success rates for robust analysis.
- Comparative assessment: Cross-referencing Dutch wolf samples with genetic profiles from wolves, domestic dogs, golden jackals, and known wolf-dog hybrids across Europe.
Key findings
- High fidelity in wolf genetics
Of the 11 samples, 9 were conclusively identified as wolves with strong genetic ties to populations in Germany and Northern Poland. These findings suggest that Dutch wolves are natural migrants from Central European and Baltic wolf populations, reinforcing the narrative of natural recolonization. - No widespread hybridization
Our results provided no significant evidence of hybridization in the nine high-quality samples. This is an encouraging outcome for conservation efforts, ensuring the genetic integrity of the wolf population in the Netherlands. - Inconclusive outliers
Two samples with low DNA quality (10A and 11A) exhibited ambiguous results. While one showed potential signs of dog ancestry, these findings remain inconclusive due to the limitations of the sample quality.
Implications for conservation
Our research not only debunked fears of widespread hybridization but also provided vital data for managing and conserving wolves in the Netherlands. By confirming their genetic origins, we underscore the importance of protecting these animals as part of the natural European ecosystem.
However, the study highlights the need for continued genetic monitoring, particularly for detecting hybridization threats in the future. With advancements in genomic technologies, conservationists can better safeguard against genetic introgression and support wolf populations across Europe.
Looking forward
The return of the wolf symbolizes resilience and ecological restoration, but it also presents challenges. From addressing human-wildlife conflicts to ensuring the genetic purity of the population, collaboration between scientists, policymakers, and communities is crucial.
At DivjaLabs, we are committed to advancing conservation science through rigorous research. By putting evidence at the heart of the debate, we aim to foster coexistence between humans and wildlife.
For a detailed look at our study, check out the full report here.
Read our blog post here.
And watch an insightful reportage by Dutch news portal Nieuwsuur that highlights the complexities surrounding the wolf’s return.
